Well, this country girl puts it to some heavy use very regularly. I went digging in my husbands grandmother and great aunts barn and dug out some very old jars.

I had to order some lids online. It took some doing to figure out where to order from, and how to measure for the size. But I thought it was cool that I was using the same glass jars to hold milk, that had held milk for 4 generations now.

For a strainer, I use a canning funnel, a colander, and a piece of fabric. I have several fabric filters that I have hemmed. I wash them in dish soap when I wash up my strainer and milk can, then let them dry on the line.

I save them up till I wash clothes, and wash them all in the washing machine. This fabric is just a flat piece of fabric like a fabric handkerchief or cloth napkin, hemmed on the edges. As far as a cream separator goes, I had a friend who used a sun tea jar with a spigot on the end, let the milk separate, then drained the milk from the bottom.

I do this too! Just the same way you wash for blood you should always rinse first with cold water. After the cold rinse, wash with hot soapy water. Yes— I talked about the tea jar idea in my cream post. I use two stainless buckets for milking. One, I milk into, the other, I pour the milk into and cover with a lid.

I bought one at the feed store and one online. For a lid, I had bought a set of inexpensive stock pots and one of the lids is the perfect size for my bucket. I recently milked for some friends and they had that same set of stock pots and that is what they milked into. Like you, I use the gold tone filter and a SS canning funnel.

I used to use a small sieve lined with flour sack cloth filters that I had cut from larger towels. I still have them, put away, but after I saw that the gold filter worked for you two years ago, I switched and love it. I had been considering trying the coffee filter so I was glad when you originally posted about using it.

Bottles, well I started with the gallon pickle jars, tried asking around the store delis for some but none were available, just the ones we emptied. Hated that the lids leaked all over when shaking the milk to mix in the cream, and the milk would not always run out nicely.

Also, the smaller size is easier for kids and older folks to handle. Thanks for posting this and all your teaching ideas. I am not so new at this, but I still learn things. The exchange of ideas is great. Praying for you and your new baby as you come up to your due date.

Love the idea of finding stock pot lids to fit the buckets! I recently signed up for your email newsletters. I want to express how much I enjoy reading the articles each time. I am a newbie at this farming stuff and want to say how much I appreciate your knowledge.

I am beginning to branch out from Asian pears very labor intensive to animals. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge with us. You are very welcome Gary! Growing pears sounds like a blast! We do this every so often in addition to daily washing of course.

I love the cheap strainer idea! Our family has had family milk cows for about four years now, but we decided to invest in a large, stainless steel milk strainer that can 1 gallon of milk at a time!

about years ago. The cheap strainer sounds like a great way for homesteader on a budget to get their milk clean. One suggestion that I have… Skimming the cream off of gallons of milk each day became a real time consumer in our home.

So, someone in our family came up with the brilliant idea of using a glass, 2 gallon, drink dispenser instead of jars. Using the drink dispenser instead of jars was a little bit of an investment we have two , but we love never having to skim cream again.

One thing that is important though, is making sure that you buy a dispenser which has a spout that is low on the body of the jar. The higher it is, the more milk that gets left beneath when you get to the cream layer.

It sounds hard to keep clean, but we just shoot hot, soapy water through both ends of the spigot and it seems to work well. You do need to stick something like rolled up paper towel in there and rub it around to pick up any milk residue though.

Jill, Excellent post. I knew it was too much for a homesteader but I thought it was good info anyway. I really, really, really, really… how many should I put here??

well, I want a milk cow very badly. And I want Suffolk Punch drafts. And maybe some pigs. Feed prices have dropped slightly in recent weeks with the harvest approaching, and it might depend a lot on the actual harvest and how feed prices develop. However, weather so far is not favouring farmers, as an abnormal heatwave in several European countries imperils harvest.

According to IFCN insights, most dairy countries are enjoying good farmgate margins at present, with Keane warning that this might change — depending on the harvest, changes in the currency exchange rate, and the overall energy prices. Farmers in New Zealand, Ireland and other countries with limited input — i.

The rise in feed and energy costs is taking a toll on milk production worldwide. Dairy farmers do not want to cut too much on costs to guarantee a certain milk production level. On the other hand, farmers are hesitant to expand milk production. Rabobank estimated that farms that grow most of their feed would fare better than those that rely more heavily on purchased feed.

On the other hand, Keane suggests the following list of measures for dairy farmers to become more cost-effective:. Or, ask a local dairy farmer who they go through, because it may go under a different name. You can call the companies to see who your closest representative is.

They can get you in contact with AI technicians. Or again, ask local dairy farmers who they use and recommend. Next time you grab a gallon of milk off the shelf, you might want to take a moment to think about the effort and cost that it took to produce the milk. Like Like.

We are looking at starting a dairy farm with a Gir Cow and calf outside Houston, TX on 2 acres of land. We believe that the milk produced by a Gir cow has beneficial therapeutic properties, and we are interested to start small and then grow the business.

You can research primarily the local dairy-quality hay costs in your area and the grain costs to give you an idea of how comparable they might be to the list I gave. Holy smokes! We are looking into what it takes for a small homestead and found your site. Wondering for one or two cows what your approximation is for start up and maintenance costs?

You can do a lot of things on a budget — like searching for a used milking machine and buying a weaned heifer to raise instead of a milking cow. Milking equipment — varies. I just want to say thank you. Skip to content. What is this going to cost? Having your hay tested is the most reliable method of making sure you are getting what you are paying for!

Shipping costs may raise the price. Orchard grass, timothy, etc. should cost less than alfalfa and really depends on where you live as to what will be available and how much it will cost.

Calves fed conventional limited milk or replacer diets need to work up to around pounds of grain per day. Milking cows average 12 pounds of grain while milking, none or very little while dry. You can calculate the needs of your cow by multiplying 1 pound of grain per 3 pounds of milk being produced.

Then adjust higher or lower according to body condition, weather, and quality of roughage. For example, we feed very high quality hay, so our cows do well on only 1 pound of grain per milking, aka 2 pounds of grain per day. Feed free choice and they will last a long time per cow.

Very helpful if your cow is not out on pasture most of the year. Can supplement any feeding program. Especially important if not feeding a grain that includes a mineral package.

We pay a little more for the selenium salt, as our area is deficient. BEDDING OPTIONS: Straw — Usually one of the easiest cost-effective forms of bedding. Usage depends on how your stalls are built. Freestalls would use a lot less bedding daily than box stalls, for example.

Straw is important because a cow is very heavy and straw adds a springy foundation for her to lie on. Average about ½ bale per day. Shavings are important to help cut down on moisture in the bedding. Sand — If you have the facilities for sand, this provides a very clean and soft bedding that does not produce bacterial growth like other bedding can.

Most large producers shy away from sand unless their manure handling can tolerate sand. On a small farm, it would work well. We did sand on the bottom topped with some straw on top.

Popular in your industry. Dairy Equipment products available. Cheese Production Make Machine Manufacture Pasteurizer Milk 30L Dairy Yogurt Process Equipment. CN Supplier. Contact Supplier. Small Uht Dairy Milk Plant and Mini Uht Milk Processing Plant Dairy Equipment and Instrument.

IN Supplier. cost effective dairy cheese equipment. Farm dairy cooling tank stainless steel milk equipment. Related Searches china dairy equipment price china dairy equipment supplier wholesale dairy equipment china dairy equipment sale china steel dairy equipment china the dairy equipment sell dairy equipment dairy equipment china orion dairy equipment mini dairy equipment small dairy equipment for sale dairy equipment used china dairy factory equipment hot sale dairy equipment china dairy equipment for milk.

Milk cream electric centrifugal separator 80l h l h for dairy equipment support oem Ready to Ship. Uht Milk Production Line Milk Processing Plant Dairy Equipment.

Top categories. About products and suppliers: What is dairy processing equipment? Dairy processing machines These dairy processing machines are designed to produce milk slaughtering in a common manner, and they are more common than other machines.

Cal-C-Preme Researched and tested for two years this large calcium bolus is a real winner — available in capsule or coconut wax coated versions. Products The array of unique products and the extensive product and industry knowledge IBA can provide for the dairyman truly sets us apart and can be an asset to any dairy operation regardless of size.

ALL PRODUCTS. Replacement Inflation for Lely Robots IBA is a market leader in milking inflation design and our latest offering achieves more milk with decreased box time versus the OEM Lely liner.

Milking System Analysis Learn More. Cleaning and Sanitation Recommendations Learn More. Dairy World Magazine Learn More.

Upcoming Events There are no upcoming events at this time. We did sand on the bottom topped with some straw on top. Compost — Composted bedding material is being used on large dairies…probably not feasible for most small farms. On the bare ground — Only advised in summer when the cows are out on pasture.

Prevention is better than trying to cure, right? MILKING SUPPLIES: First, make sure you SHOP AROUND! Teat Wipes disposable or cloth. One gallon should last one cow up to a full lactation. Teat Dip Cups RJB Non-Return TopDipper is my favorite. Try the foaming kind to reduce usage of dip.

Soaps for washing up, use heavy-duty, chlorinated, alkaline powder detergent for thorough cleaning of milk fats and proteins. Ointments For dry teats in summer sun or winter cold Only if necessary, use food safe options I use homemade salves.

Strainer, filters Disposable filters are the most sanitary. Tuffy Non-Gauze Disks work great. Or if your milk is super clean, you can consider skipping this step and avoid one more potential contamination. Bottling materials gallon glass jars are common. Try www. com or stores that offer canning supplies or bulk foods.

per gallon. Used, look for companies that use gallon jars ie. Honey and see if they recycle their jars. And they were pretty much brand new! Half gallon jars are great, too!

Only if you are choosing hand milking and not bucket milking. Buy or make a stool if you hand milk. Machine Surge, DeLaval, etc. Recommended Stainless bucket ONLY.

Plastic will crack. Used… start looking now, there are some great deals out there! Or, build your own if you know how. I have seen some excellent homemade pumps, using old Surge or DeLaval pumps. I used about 15 ft. air line and no milk line for a Surge Belly milker.

A stand alone bucket would use a few feet of milk line. Clear is preferred so you can see the milk coming out, but is more expensive.

Inflations change yearly. They will last for years on one kit. For small homesteads, I now recommend using DHIA on an as-needed basis.

Milk Samples , Testing for Somatic Cell SCC or bacteria in potential mastitis cases. Blood samples , Testing for Johnes, BLV, Brucellosis, TB, etc. So, where do I buy all this? com www.

One kind of tank stores milk, and the additional tank processes it. Packaging Systems. In the instance of dairy goods, packaging systems typically incorporate capping mechanisms and liquid dispensers.

Then, the systems fill up yogurt containers and seal them or milk bottles and cap them, etc. Various items need various components to packaging systems. A yogurt pot must be heat sealed whereby a cap merely screws onto a bottle, for example.

That means an extra investment for a heat-sealing controller on packaging systems. The best choice for investing in a container includes finding a local supplier, as bulky container shipments are going to be expensive. Milk Pumps. High-quality milk pumps are as critical as the quality of materials that are used to manufacture them.

A milk pump may range in size, range in power, as well as have a multiple-phase or a single-phase pump. Reliable tractors are helpful for tilling fields, moving hay bales, and also working with the livestock.

Investing in a tractor for a dairy operation may be costly. But many great loan and financing options may help to spread out the investment price.

What should you look for in a good tractor? While you might not require a loud stereo system, you should search for the below features while investing in a dairy tractor:.

In addition, as a small dairy operation, you are going to want to ensure that you invest in a tractor that has as many applicable uses as humanly possible; therefore, be on the lookout for a tractor that features front loaders.

A front loader is very helpful on a dairy farm! Are you considering investing in a brand-new tractor? Owning and running a micro-dairy or small dairy farm is going to require commitment, money, and time, and striking a harmonious balance between those three may be a challenge.

Purchasing the proper equipment will help to create the balance by maximizing your dairy output and improving your micro-dairy efficiency. The best method of doing that with a limited budget includes investing in the proper equipment.

All in all, while investing a limited budget into machines for a micro-dairy, you are going to want to strike a balance between product usability, product cost, as well as brand reputation and durability. For more information on dairy equipment, milking supplies, and milking equipment, please feel free to contact us at Farm and Ranch Depot today at Winter Sale!

Reusable Cattle Guard Concrete Forms - The Patented Cowstop HS20 Cattle Guards HS25 Cattle Guards Farm Duty Cattle Guards Options for Cattle Guards ATV Cattle Guards. REUSABLE Cattle Guard Concrete Forms - The Patented CowStop!

Dairy Equipment and Milking Supplies What Types of Milking Equipment and Dairy Supplies Do You Need to Run a Dairy Farm? Pasteurizers Pasteurization is critical for the safety of food, and since the year , the FDA has mandated that only pasteurized products can be distributed interstate.

Cream Separators Cream or milk separators are units that separate cream from milk. Temperature Chart Recorders Temperature chart recorders are electric monitors that track and document the temperature of the wash water and milk.

Is it powered by diesel or gas? A diesel tractor is going to have a lengthier fuel-life than a gas tractor; however, a gas tractor is more dependable to start at daybreak!

Will the tractor be available with the "add-ons" needed? A tow bar, for example. Will the tractor's capability match the terrain of the dairy as well as your intended use? BLM and USFS Cattle Guards. How to Milk a Sheep What is a Cattle Oiler? What is a Hydraulic Power Unit? Types of Hydraulic Cylinders Small Grain Bins Guide to Proper Udder Health How Do Cattle Guards Work?

Popular Garden Shed Upgrades Different Types of Garden Sheds. Can't subscribe you right now. Try later. In total, 30, Fx would be avoided and LY would be gained in the 4 age cohorts of women over their remaining lifetime. In men, the number of Fx avoided and LYG amounted 16, and , respectively.

The greatest absolute gains were seen in the general population segment, regardless of gender of baseline age. In both gender, the cost-per-Fx avoided declined markedly with age and baseline risk of Fx.

In all instances, the cost-per-LYG tended to be more favorable i. lower in older and riskier cohorts. Detailed results for each specific age cohort of women and men are presented as Additional file 1.

Our study suggest that by ensuring an adequate repletion in calcium and vitamin D to the general population, by the administration of dairy products providing IU of vitamin D and mg of calcium daily, it is possible to reduce the number of OP-related FX and to provide a substantial number of LYG, in people for both genders, currently aged from 50 to 80 years old.

Although, the clinical efficacy of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions may be consistent across settings, their impact on public health or their economic value may differ, owing to differences in epidemiologic variations, interventions-related costs and effectiveness of available alternative strategies [ 33 , 34 ].

In Europe, OP accounts for more disability and LY lost than all other major musculoskeletal conditions, except osteoarthritis but including rheumatoid arthritis [ 2 ].

With regards to neoplastic diseases, the burden of OP is greater than all sites of cancer with the exception of lung cancer [ 35 ]. Several studies assessed the efficacy and efficiency of pharmacological interventions in OP [ 36 ]. However, nutritional interventions whereas considered as first-line measures in most guidelines dedicated to the management of OP [ 1 , 2 , 7 , 12 ] are less frequently studied in terms of their impact on public health or health resources utilization [ 15 ].

This study is the first to apply a validated cost-effectiveness microsimulation model [ 16 ], adapted to a public health perspective [ 19 ] to the outcomes of calcium and vitamin D administration, as dairy products, on reduction of Fx or on gain in LY and to determine whether such an intervention may be considered cost-effective in the general population and in individuals at increased risk of OP-related Fx.

The scarcity of available resources and the increasing demand for healthcare require more rational assignment of resources and better definition of priorities. In this scenario, economic evaluations provide valuable information and LYG is widely recognized as an appropriate outcome [ 37 ].

Our results show that vitamin D-enriched dairy products, given to the general population, from the age of 50 years can spare more than 30, OP Fx in women and more than 15, OP Fx in men and save more than LY in women and more than LY in men.

As expected, the cost-effectiveness of dairy product administration in OP, as it is the case for any intervention, is strongly influenced by the cost of the intervention and by the risk profile of the subject.

No standard for upper threshold of cost per LYG, that would constitute an absolute value of the critical cost-effectiveness ratio, is explicitly fixed [ 38 ].

Like any health economic study, our work is based on a number of assumptions. The cost-effectiveness is critically dependent on the evidence for efficacy of the intervention. It could be argued that prospective, randomized controlled studies establishing the anti Fx efficacy of dairy product are currently missing [ 42 ].

Some cohort studies also generated unconclusive evidence on reduction of Fx following milk intake. However, these cohorts did not use any vitamin D-enriched dairy products [ 43 — 46 ], while our analysis is based on the intake of dairy products providing the amount of calcium and vitamin D, which are considered by most experts and recommendations from scientific organizations as appropriate to improve bone health [ 1 , 2 , 7 , 12 ].

Divergent opinion, challenging the interest of calcium and vitamin D in OP [ 47 ] or reporting putative increase in adverse effects following calcium supplementation [ 48 ] appear to be insufficiently substantiated [ 49 ] and, at any rate more directed towards calcium pharmacological supplementation than against dairy products intake [ 48 ].

Our extrapolation of the anti-Fx efficacy obtained with pharmacological supplementation of calcium and vitamin D to dairy products providing the same amount of nutrients is indeed likely to be highly conservative.

Several studies have documented the link between low intake of dairy foods and decreased bone mineral density or increased Fx risk [ 50 , 51 ].

At every stage of life, adequate dietary intake of key bone nutrients including not only calcium and vitamin D but also proteins contributes to muscle and bone health, thereby reducing the risk of falls, OP and Fx later in life [ 12 ].

Dairy products are rich in proteins [ 52 ]. There is no clear-cut evidence that individuals aged more than 50 years old have a deficit in protein intake similar to what is reported for calcium and vitamin D [ 53 ].

However, it is possible that our analysis, based only on the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D on bone, without modelling the potential benefits of proteins underestimates the positive outcomes of dairy products intake. Furthermore, it is well known that the efficacy of anti OP medications, including pharmacological supplements of calcium and vitamin D is decreased as a result of poor adherence [ 54 ].

The impact of low compliance and persistence on the cost-effectiveness of these treatments is well documented [ 55 ]. Dairy food has been shown to be an appropriate vehicle to provide calcium, with good compliance compared to pharmacological supplements [ 15 , 56 ], which might have a positive effect on the effectiveness of our approach.

This might also be emphasized because the putative deleterious effect of pharmacological calcium supplementation on myocardial infarction was never reported following dairy products intake.

Eventually, different studies showed that calcium and vitamin D supplementation have other health benefits effects. So, studies suggested that calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk for breast cancer mainly in premenopausal women [ 57 ] and colon cancer in older women [ 58 ].

A meta-analysis has also indicated that vitamin D may have a small beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk and mortality [ 59 ]. Dietary sources of nutrients are recommended as appropriate to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D repletion.

This recommendation, widely claimed to be justified in terms of efficacy is also supported by our public health impact and health economics analyses. Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease.

Osteoporos Int. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. doi: Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar.

Svedbom A, Hernlund E, Ivergard M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, et al. Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports. Arch Osteoporos. Strom O, Borgstrom F, Kanis JA, Compston J, Cooper C, McCloskey EV, et al.

Osteoporosis: burden, health care provision and opportunities in the EU: a report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation IOF and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations EFPIA.

Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergard M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, et al. Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation IOF and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations EFPIA.

Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Rizzoli R, Boonen S, Brandi ML, Bruyere O, Cooper C, Kanis JA, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in elderly or postmenopausal women: a update of the recommendations from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis ESCEO.

Curr Med Res Opin. Bruyere O, Slomian J, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Cavalier E, Gillain S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in European women aged over 80 years. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. Bruyere O, Malaise O, Neuprez A, Collette J, Reginster JY.

Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in European postmenopausal women. Bruyere O, De Cock C, Mottet C, Neuprez A, Malaise O, Reginster JY. Low dietary calcium in European postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Public Health Nutr. Article PubMed Google Scholar.

Bruyere O, Cavalier E, Souberbielle JC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, et al. Effects of vitamin D in the elderly population: current status and perspectives.

Arch Public Health. Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar. Rizzoli R, Stevenson JC, Bauer JM, van Loon LJ, Walrand S, Kanis JA, et al.

The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: a consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis ESCEO.

Hiligsmann M, Ben Sedrine W, Bruyere O, Evers SM, Rabenda V, Reginster JY. Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in the treatment of elderly women and men with osteoporosis.

Eur J Pub Health. Article Google Scholar. Reginster JY. Calcium and vitamin D for osteoporotic fracture risk. Lotters FJ, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Fardellone P, Rizzoli R, Rocher E, Poley MJ.

Dairy foods and osteoporosis: an example of assessing the health-economic impact of food products. Hiligsmann M, Ethgen O, Bruyere O, Richy F, Gathon HJ, Reginster JY. Development and validation of a Markov microsimulation model for the economic evaluation of treatments in osteoporosis.

Value Health. Hiligsmann M, Vanoverberghe M, Neuprez A, Bruyere O, Reginster JY. Cost-effectiveness of strontium ranelate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. Hiligsmann M, Reginster JY. Cost effectiveness of denosumab compared with oral bisphosphonates in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporotic women in Belgium.

Ethgen O, Standaert B. Population- versus cohort-based modelling approaches. SPF Economie - Direction Générale Statistique et Information Economique. Haentjens P, Magaziner J, Colon-Emeric CS, Vanderschueren D, Milisen K, Velkeniers B, et al.

Meta-analysis: excess mortality after hip fracture among older women and men. Ann Intern Med. Hiligsmann M, Bruyere O, Roberfroid D, Dubois C, Parmentier Y, Carton J, et al.

Trends in hip fracture incidence and in the prescription of antiosteoporosis medications during the same time period in Belgium — Arthritis Res.

Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sembo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Klotzbuecher CM, Ross PD, Landsman PB, Abbott 3rd TA, Berger M. Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis.

J Bone Miner Res. Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Boonen S, Lips P, Bouillon R, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P. Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin d supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C, Smith C, Bensoussan A. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, et al.

Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. Cleemput I, van Wilder P, Huybrechts M, Vrijens F. Belgian methodological guidelines for pharmacoeconomic evaluations: toward standardization of drug reimbursement requests.

Autier P, Haentjens P, Bentin J, Baillon JM, Grivegnee AR, Closon MC, et al. Costs induced by hip fractures: a prospective controlled study in Belgium.

Belgian Hip Fracture Study Group. Melton 3rd LJ, Gabriel SE, Crowson CS, Tosteson AN, Johnell O, Kanis JA. Cost-equivalence of different osteoporotic fractures. Walensky RP, Ross EL, Kumarasamy N, Wood R, Noubary F, Paltiel AD, et al.

Cost-effectiveness of HIV treatment as prevention in serodiscordant couples. N Engl J Med. Gomez JA, Lepetic A, Demarteau N. Health economic analysis of human papillomavirus vaccines in women of Chile: perspective of the health care payer using a Markov model.

BMC Public Health. Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Hiligsmann M, Evers SM, Ben Sedrine W, Kanis JA, Ramaekers B, Reginster JY, et al.

A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses of drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rodriguez Barrios JM, Perez Alcantara F, Crespo Palomo C, Gonzalez Garcia P, Anton De Las Heras E, Brosa Riestra M. The use of cost per life year gained as a measurement of cost-effectiveness in Spain: a systematic review of recent publications.

Eur J Health Econ. Azimi NA, Welch HG. The effectiveness of cost-effectiveness analysis in containing costs. J Gen Intern Med. Laupacis A, Feeny D, Detsky AS, Tugwell PX. How attractive does a new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations.

PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Owens DK. Interpretation of cost-effectiveness analyses. World Health Organization WHO. Choosing interventions that are cost effective. Accessed 25 Apr Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA, et al.

A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Michaelsson K, Wolk A, Langenskiold S, Basu S, Warensjo Lemming E, Melhus H, et al. Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies.

van den Berg P, van Haard PM, van den Bergh JP, Niesten DD, van der Elst M, Schweitzer DH. First quantification of calcium intake from calcium-dense dairy products in Dutch fracture patients the Delft cohort study. Wlodarek D, Glabska D, Kolota A, Adamczyk P, Czekajlo A, Grzeszczak W, et al.

Calcium intake and osteoporosis: the influence of calcium intake from dairy products on hip bone mineral density and fracture incidence - a population-based study in women over 55 years of age.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Staehelin HB, et al. Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Grey A, Bolland M. Web of industry, advocacy, and academia in the management of osteoporosis.

Bolland MJ, Grey A, Reid IR. Paik JM, Curhan GC, Sun Q, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Rimm EB, et al. Calcium supplement intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women.

Am J Clin Nutr. Heaney RP. Dairy and bone health. J Am Coll Nutr. Rizzoli R. Dairy products, yogurts, and bone health.

Fernandez-Barres S, Martin N, Canela T, Garcia-Barco M, Basora J, Arija V et al.